KATHMANDU: Kathmandu Mayor Balendra Shah, popularly known as “Balen,” is unlike any other mayor in Nepal. He is not just a local leader—he is a phenomenon. While most mayors rarely garner attention beyond their municipalities, Balen is not compared to his counterparts but rather to the Prime Minister and top political figures of Nepal.

He does not rely on traditional media to communicate his message. Instead, his social media posts ignite national debates and quickly trend. His influence is undeniable—Time Magazine included him in its Top 100 list in 2023, and globally respected outlets like The New York Times have covered him.

Yet, despite his massive following among young people and his widespread recognition in global media, his leadership within the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) has been far from smooth.

His conflict with Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli and the ruling CPN-UML party has escalated into a full-blown crisis, leaving thousands of employees and workers in a precarious situation. At the heart of the turmoil is the prolonged failure to pay more than 3,500 employees of the Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

Teachers have gone without salaries for over four months, prompting them to publicly call on Balen for help. Many say they can no longer afford daily necessities or medical treatment. Meanwhile, nearly 200 salaried workers hired through the Labor Bank—who have been responsible for cleaning temples and rivers—are prepared to quit due to months of unpaid wages.

The crisis stems from the absence of a Chief Administrative Officer in the metropolis. Without a functioning chief, the KMC lacks the funds to purchase even basic cleaning supplies like brooms. This has led to administrative paralysis, with Mayor Shah locked in a dispute with the federal government over the appointment of a new official.

On February 28, 2024, frustration boiled over when Balen took to Facebook with a fiery warning: “I don’t know who will protest. If our employees don’t receive their salaries within the next week, I will bury them all in pieces. We will deal with your system later.”

Balen, in contrast, is young, unfiltered, and fiercely independent. He has no party machinery behind him—just a mix of raw charisma, frustration-fueled public support, and an aggressive push to reform Kathmandu’s governance.

His aggressive stance sparked immediate controversy, with many questioning his approach. However, it also reinforced his image as a leader willing to take drastic measures to challenge Nepal’s political establishment.

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration responded by reassigning Saroj Guragain to the metropolis to resume his duties as Chief Administrative Officer. However, Balen refused to comply and even hinted at locking Guragain out of the office if he attempted to return.

Why Oli vs. Balen: Here’s how the power struggle is unfolding in Kathmandu

Nepal’s political landscape has erupted into a war of words and actions between two unlikely rivals—34-year-old Mayor Balen, a structural engineer turned rapper turned politician, and 72-year-old Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, Nepal’s seasoned two-time prime minister and chairperson of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML).

This high-stakes confrontation, pitting youthful reform against entrenched political power, has captivated social media, inspired endless op-eds, and given YouTubers a golden ticket to clicks and controversy.

But what is Oli’s real motive in rallying his entire party apparatus against a lone independent mayor? And why is Balen—an outsider with no party backing—so willing to take on one of Nepal’s most formidable political figures? The outcome of this battle could reshape Nepal’s political landscape for years to come.

The Oli-Balen feud erupted when Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) began clearing illegally constructed buildings and business advertisements violating municipal regulations. Traditionally, offenders ignored official notices, confident in their political connections. But Balen was different. When persuasion failed, he sent municipal forces to demolish unauthorized structures.

The first high-profile demolition involved a UML-linked figure. Within days, UML Central Committee member Mahesh Basnet publicly threatened Balen with physical harm if he didn’t “mend his ways.”

Tensions escalated further when Balen moved to evict squatters occupying public land, particularly riverbanks. While some were genuinely homeless, many were politically connected, owning businesses and multi-story buildings on illegally occupied land.

Many of them, critics pointed out, were UML’s core voters. Oli seized the moment, accusing Balen of attacking the poor while conveniently ignoring the deeper issue of politically enabled land encroachment. “He’s using bulldozers against the helpless,” Oli quipped, omitting that his own government had previously recognized the squatter problem without taking decisive action.

Balen Shah’s leadership style is polarizing. To his supporters, he represents a break from traditional politics—one defined by action rather than rhetoric. He has taken bold steps to address critical issues such as urban cleanliness, land encroachment, and government transparency.

Another clash erupted over Kathmandu’s historic Dharahara Tower. Balen converted its basement into a parking facility, prompting the government to declare it unsafe. Balen’s response was razor-sharp: “Dharahara was inaugurated as a ‘completed project’ by Prime Minister Oli before the last election. How can it be incomplete now?” The move exposed a pre-election spectacle by Oli’s government and deepened the political divide.

The latest flashpoint? The widening of footpaths in New Road. When a UML-affiliated ward chair opposed the project, UML-aligned ministries issued a stop-work order.

In retaliation, Balen accused Oli of “policy corruption” in the controversial Giri Bandhu Tea Estate land swap scandal. UML leaders lashed back, comparing Balen to a “puppy”—a dismissive term meant to diminish his growing stature. Oli himself brushed off Balen as a political “bubble” that would soon burst.

Oli is a seasoned, shrewd, and combative politician, adept at twisting narratives to his advantage. Known for his prickly wit and intolerance of dissent, he has built a political career on nationalist rhetoric and grandiose but often unrealistic promises—like piped gas to Kathmandu homes within six months or a Nepali seaport for maritime trade. Some projects, like view towers across Nepal, materialized; others remain pipe dreams.

Balen, in contrast, is young, unfiltered, and fiercely independent. He has no party machinery behind him—just a mix of raw charisma, frustration-fueled public support, and an aggressive push to reform Kathmandu’s governance. Since taking office, he has made visible improvements: cleaner streets, walkable sidewalks, better public school oversight, and a crackdown on tax-dodging private schools. His biggest asset? His perceived incorruptibility and willingness to take on Nepal’s entrenched political class.

On February 26, 2024, Shah took to social media once again, accusing the government of deliberate sabotage: “If there is a system of granting a PhD in spreading false information, it should be given to the current government.”

Shah dismissed claims from UML leaders that government officials were unwilling to work under him. In response, UML General Secretary Shankar Pokhrel countered: “Necessary attention has not been given to why government officers are not ready to go there of late.”

The feud took another ugly turn when Kathmandu Metropolitan City launched an investigation into Saroj Guragain for alleged corruption. The KMC accused him of bypassing formal approval processes while approving the construction plan for Kathmandu Tower at the Old Bus Park. The investigation prompted Guragain to take an extended leave of absence, further delaying administrative processes in KMC.

Even Deputy Mayor Sunita Dangol, elected from UML, has now turned against Mayor Shah. She demanded that Balen publicly release the findings of the investigation before taking further action. This marks a rare public disagreement between the mayor and his deputy, highlighting a growing political rift.

With growing tensions, Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli finally broke his silence on Saturday, March 9, 2024, calling Balen “a reckless boy”:

“A new figure has emerged who speaks recklessly. He should not be allowed to take the lead. If his unchecked remarks gain traction, they may become accepted. We must get rid of such illusory figures.”

Oli’s statement came during a CPN-UML party activist training session in Kathmandu, where he also criticized his party’s weak social media presence. Ironically, Oli himself suffered a drop in Facebook followers after a wave of Balen’s supporters launched an ‘Unfollow KP Oli’ campaign.

This conflict between Oli and Balen dates back to June 2023, when Balen accused PM Oli of “policy corruption” in a land-swap deal involving Giri Bandhu Tea Estate in Jhapa. The tensions further escalated when Balen enforced a Supreme Court ruling banning construction within 40 meters of the Bagmati River banks. The decision angered UML leaders, who formed a struggle committee to oppose it.

Most recently, on February 21, 2024, Balen called out PM Oli for failing to protect Nepal’s national dignity. In a viral Facebook post, he wrote: “Dear Prime Minister, America has called us corrupt, India has called us beggars, and China does not respect us. Forget that I am a mayor—will you at least give us a basis to live as Nepalis?”

His post referenced former US President Donald Trump’s 2018 decision to cut $39 million in aid to Nepal, calling it a ‘fraud’. The post ignited a fresh wave of debate in Nepal, with opposition leaders and citizens weighing in.

Balen’s rise as a political force has rattled Nepal’s traditional parties. He is a disruptor, unafraid to directly confront the establishment. While his unfiltered social media presence and controversial statements earn him both admiration and criticism, his growing feud with PM Oli signals a shift in Nepal’s power dynamics.

The mayor’s supporters see him as a bold reformer, challenging an ineffective system. Critics, however, view him as an unpredictable populist, whose dramatic statements risk deepening political instability.

As Kathmandu’s sanitation workers remain unpaid, teachers struggle to buy daily necessities, and government offices remain locked in administrative deadlock, the question remains: Is Balen Shah the leader Nepal needs, or just another maverick shaking the system without a clear plan?

How Balen Shah transformed from rapper to popular independent political leader

From civil engineer to rapper to the mayor of Kathmandu, Balendra Shah—popularly known as Balen—has emerged as an icon of hope and change in Nepal. His unexpected yet meteoric rise in politics reflects the growing disenchantment of Nepalis, particularly the youth, with traditional political parties. By blending activism with creative expression, Balen has inspired a new generation to believe in innovation and reform.

His success challenges the long-standing political monopolies and demonstrates that educated, young citizens can indeed make a difference. His rise serves as a wake-up call to Nepal’s political elite—proof that the people are ready for change.

When he secured the mayoral seat of Nepal’s capital city, it was more than just a political victory—it was a statement. His win resonated with people who had lost faith in mainstream politicians. His success paved the way for other independent candidates to challenge the entrenched political order.

Notably, the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP), led by another independent figure, Rabi Lamichhane, secured 21 seats in the Federal Parliament, signaling a shift in Nepal’s political landscape. But can an independent approach like Balen’s effectively address the larger, more complex challenges of national governance?

Balen Shah’s leadership style is polarizing. To his supporters, he represents a break from traditional politics—one defined by action rather than rhetoric. He has taken bold steps to address critical issues such as urban cleanliness, land encroachment, and government transparency.

His initiatives to improve government schools and hospitals, particularly for underserved communities, have won him widespread admiration. Unlike conventional politicians, he does not rely on the usual campaign theatrics but instead connects with the people through his authenticity and straightforward approach.

However, his critics argue that his confrontational style has hampered his effectiveness. His inability to coordinate with the central government has led to delays in key projects. While his vision is ambitious, its execution has not always been smooth. His plans to internationalize Kathmandu’s festivals, make the city a 24-hour hub, and improve public transportation have yet to yield significant results. Some of his early initiatives, such as upgrading public restrooms and ambulance services, have faced logistical setbacks.

His handling of Kathmandu’s flooding crisis was also met with criticism. Many felt his response was unorganized and ineffective. Yet, despite these challenges, he remains a beacon of change—an independent leader unafraid to challenge the status quo.

One of the most pressing issues Balen has faced as mayor is waste management. Kathmandu’s garbage crisis is deeply entrenched, exacerbated by political red tape and bureaucratic inefficiency. Balen’s approach—often seen as aggressive—has won him both allies and adversaries. His unilateral decisions, at times made without extensive public consultation, have sparked debates on his leadership style. But despite these challenges, his tenure has undeniably introduced a fresh perspective to Kathmandu’s governance.

Balen has not shied away from bold and, at times, controversial actions. His decision to rescue child laborers from a Member of Parliament’s home linked to Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli’s party drew both praise and criticism. The incident showcased his commitment to justice, even in the face of political backlash. His public clash with the prime minister over this issue cemented his reputation as a fearless leader willing to take on the establishment.

Beyond his activism, he has focused on cultural preservation, reinstating traditional Newari names for streets and chowks, and working to elevate indigenous festivals. His commitment to transparency is evident in his decision to hold live public meetings, allowing citizens direct access to governance processes.

Yet, his struggle to collaborate with the central government remains a significant challenge. Whether this stems from his own leadership style or from systemic corruption is debatable. Nonetheless, his tenure has highlighted the potential of independent candidates to disrupt the political monopoly of major parties.

Balen’s rise has drawn comparisons to past charismatic leaders who gained massive public support before veering towards authoritarian tendencies. Some caution that blind admiration can lead to unchecked power, drawing parallels to Nepal’s history with King Mahendra. While Balen’s leadership is not dictatorial, his growing influence and mass appeal raise important questions about accountability and democratic governance.

Balen Shah, the current Mayor of Kathmandu, is known for his unique and somewhat elusive operational style. Despite holding one of the most influential positions in the capital, Balen keeps a relatively low profile and prefers minimal engagement with the public.

Despite these concerns, there is no denying that Balen has ignited a political awakening. His success challenges the long-standing political monopolies and demonstrates that educated, young citizens can indeed make a difference. His rise serves as a wake-up call to Nepal’s political elite—proof that the people are ready for change.

On election day, a shopkeeper in Kathmandu proudly displayed the blue dye on his thumbnail, a mark of having voted. When asked why he chose Balen over experienced candidates like former mayor Keshab Sthapit or Srijana Singh, the wife of a senior Nepali Congress leader, his answer was simple: “I just like Balen. He talks sense.”

This sentiment was echoed across the city. Unlike traditional politicians who engaged in mudslinging, Balen remained focused on his vision.

His refusal to insult his opponents won over skeptics. He was not just a social media trend—his campaign was rooted in a deep-seated desire for genuine political alternatives.

Yet, mainstream media initially ignored him. It was only when his vote count surged that journalists began to take notice. His popularity revealed a disconnect between the political establishment and ordinary citizens. While elites dismissed his rise as a fleeting protest vote by uninformed youth, the election results told a different story: young Nepalis were not just rejecting traditional politics; they were actively reshaping it.

Balen’s success unsettled Nepal’s political class. For years, mainstream parties relied on political dynasties, nepotism, and ethnic tokenism to maintain power. His independent campaign disrupted this formula. Established leaders and intellectuals dismissed him as a “rapper” or a “guy in sunglasses,” failing to acknowledge his engineering background, activism, and philanthropic work.

Nepal’s political elite has long operated within an echo chamber, perpetuating outdated power structures. Balen’s rise signals a generational shift—one that values action over allegiance. Young voters are no longer content with politicians who thrive on empty rhetoric. They seek tangible results, and in Balen, they see a leader who embodies their aspirations.

For years, Nepal’s mainstream media has been complicit in sustaining the status quo. By providing disproportionate coverage to established politicians, it has failed to recognize the changing aspirations of the electorate. Commentators who once dismissed Balen’s candidacy now scramble to analyze his success.

At the heart of Balen’s core team is Kumar Byanjankar, who not only advises him on political matters but also serves as a political director, helping shape his vision of independent politics.

His victory underscores a crucial reality: citizens no longer rely solely on traditional media for political insights. Social media and alternative platforms have empowered people to form independent opinions. The disconnect between media narratives and ground realities is more evident than ever.

Who is in Balen Shah’s core team and how does the Kathmandu Mayor operate?

Balen Shah, the current Mayor of Kathmandu, is known for his unique and somewhat elusive operational style. Despite holding one of the most influential positions in the capital, Balen keeps a relatively low profile and prefers minimal engagement with the public.

Getting a meeting with him is notoriously difficult, and many have found themselves unable to connect with him even after months of waiting. His strategy is to avoid unnecessary meetings and public events, focusing instead on working with a core team that handles most of the day-to-day decisions for Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC). This team, composed of around 30 individuals, is pivotal in executing Balen’s vision for the city.

Balen’s reliance on his core team is crucial to his governance. Most of the team members do not hold formal salaried positions within KMC but still exert significant influence over the city’s operations. This includes trusted individuals like Bhupdev Shah, Balen’s personal secretary who manages his schedule, Kumar Byanjankar (Kumar Ben, most trusted man of Balen) his political advisor, and Sunil Lamsal, his infrastructure advisor. Other members of the core team oversee critical areas such as waste management, health, and water resources. The team operates like a well-oiled machine, handling issues quickly and efficiently, ensuring Balen’s time is used strategically.

At the heart of Balen’s core team is Kumar Byanjankar, who not only advises him on political matters but also serves as a political director, helping shape his vision of independent politics. He has been with Balen since the election campaign and also serves as his political mentor The diversity of expertise within Balen’s team allows him to address a wide range of urban challenges without becoming overwhelmed by the myriad issues that come with running a major metropolitan area.

Among the most influential members of Balen Shah’s inner circle are Bhupdev Shah, the Mayor’s personal secretary who manages his schedule and communication; Sunil Lamsal, the infrastructure advisor responsible for urban development and city planning; Arjun Ghimire, the “wastage/garbage advisor” who oversees waste management, a major concern for Kathmandu’s residents; Santosh Pandey and Sudip Pathak, additional advisors who contribute to various strategic areas; and Victor Poudel, known for owning the popular Facebook page “Routine of Nepal Banda.”

Since his unexpected yet resounding victory in the Kathmandu Metropolitan City mayoral race, Shah has been at the center of both praise and controversy. Whether for his sharp, unfiltered responses to critics, his bold initiatives, or his uncompromising stance on reform, he remains a figure impossible to ignore.

While most of these individuals do not draw a salary from the municipality, their influence within the administration cannot be overstated.

Balen’s reliance on them speaks to his unorthodox approach to governance, where he prioritizes results over formal structure.

Other core team members include Secretariat Advisors Surendra Bajgain, Dheeraj Joshi, Navraj Khanal, and Sasmit Pokharel, responsible for administrative oversight and day-to-day operations; Health Advisors Prof. Dr. Jagdish Prasad Agarwal and Dr. Bishal Gyawali, who oversee public health initiatives; Traffic Management Advisor Jagatman Shrestha, who manages traffic and road safety; Water Resources Advisor Deepak Gyawali, focusing on drinking water and sanitation; and Public Relations Advisor Anushka Shrestha, who handles communication and media outreach. Legal Advisors Om Prakash Aryal, Shankar Prasad Pudasaini, Kumari Kharel, Dina Shrestha, and Mahesh Kumar Nepal provide crucial legal counsel and support.

Nigam Humagain, an advisor to the Nepali Army National Cadet Corps (NCC), also known as “Rashtriya Seva Dal,” has demonstrated his strength by aligning with Balen Shah, leveraging his influence to establish a political presence in coming days. However, while Balen’s core team does not fully trust him, they maintain a cautious distance without outright ignoring him.

During his election campaign, Balen’s core team played a pivotal role in his success, coordinating extensive outreach efforts across the city. The campaign’s strategy, which included door-to-door visits, public meetings, and a strong social media presence, helped Balen connect with a wide range of voters, ultimately propelling him to victory. The campaign team was small but efficient, ensuring that their messages reached both urban and rural constituencies. This strategic approach was critical to building the strong voter base that Balen enjoys today.

In his daily routine, Balen is focused on keeping his office operations streamlined and efficient. He typically arrives at the office between 9 and 10 AM and works until late afternoon, limiting his interactions with the public to only those that are essential. The office receives over 200 visitors daily, but Balen’s core team screens these requests, ensuring only the most critical matters reach him. Balen prefers to stay updated through reading newspapers and monitoring social media platforms, where discussions about the city’s issues are most active. His refusal to engage in long meetings or public events is driven by a desire to focus on governance and making tangible improvements in the city.

Balen’s political future is still uncertain. While he has not made any official announcements about starting a new political party, his growing popularity and independent approach to governance suggest that he may emerge as a significant figure in Nepal’s national politics. His focus on urban issues, particularly in Kathmandu, has earned him the trust of many, particularly among urban voters who are dissatisfied with traditional political parties. As Nepal’s political landscape evolves, Balen Shah’s core team will continue to play a crucial role in shaping his future path, whether that leads to further local success or a move onto the national stage. His ability to effectively manage his team and address the needs of Kathmandu’s residents will be key to his continued influence in Nepal’s political world.

How Balen Shah’s historic victory redefined Kathmandu’s mayoral race in the 2022 local elections

Balen Shah’s victory was unprecedented in Kathmandu’s political history. His win reflected the public’s dissatisfaction with mainstream parties, which had failed to address urban issues effectively. For decades, Kathmandu suffered from poor urban planning, waste management crises, and unfulfilled promises. Shah’s data-driven and solution-oriented campaign starkly contrasted with the traditional rhetoric of his rivals.

The results also indicated a growing shift towards independent candidates across Nepal. Shah’s success inspired many to challenge the status quo, demonstrating that political change was possible outside traditional party structures. Balen Shah’s election as mayor of Kathmandu represented a new era in Nepali politics. His victory sent a strong message to the political establishment: people are willing to support candidates who prioritize action over political allegiance.

As he embarked on his mayoral term, expectations remained high, with many looking forward to seeing if his promises would translate into real change. His journey from an independent candidate to the leader of Nepal’s capital city set a precedent for future elections, proving that with vision, dedication, and the right strategies, independent candidates can challenge and defeat even the most established political forces.

The 2022 local elections in Nepal marked a significant shift in the country’s political landscape, especially in Kathmandu, where independent candidate Balen Shah secured a historic victory in the mayoral race. Shah, a structural engineer, rapper, and social activist, won the Kathmandu Metropolitan City mayoral position with 61,767 votes. His closest rivals, Srijana Singh of the Nepali Congress and Keshav Sthapit of the CPN-UML, garnered 38,341 and 38,117 votes, respectively. His triumph not only shattered the dominance of traditional political parties but also signaled a growing demand for independent leadership and reform-driven governance.

Balen Shah’s campaign was distinct from those of his rivals. Unlike traditional politicians, he emphasized new way of campaign and focused on grassroots engagement. His campaign revolved around a well-structured manifesto focusing on urban planning, waste management, public transportation, and digital governance. He connected directly with the youth and working-class citizens, highlighting their struggles and presenting concrete solutions.

While established parties relied on party mechanisms, Shah built a strong grassroots network of volunteers and well-wishers. His door-to-door campaign, community meetings, and open public discussions helped him resonate with the electorate. He presented himself as a problem solver rather than a career politician, which attracted significant support from an increasingly frustrated urban population.

Social media played a crucial role in Balen Shah’s rise to prominence. Platforms like Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, and YouTube became powerful tools in his campaign strategy. His campeinn fully utilized the popular Facebook page Routine of Nepal Banda, unlike traditional politicians who depended on expensive rallies and mainstream media coverage, Shah harnessed the power of digital platforms to communicate his policies, engage with voters, and counter misinformation.

Balen’s rise was never conventional. Running as an independent, he dismantled the grip of legacy parties in Kathmandu with the now-iconic cane symbol. His appeal cuts across demographics—children, the elderly, and the vast, frustrated youth population.

His rap background, which had already given him a some level of fan following, further strengthened his connection with young voters. Videos of his speeches, policy discussions, and campaign trails went viral, creating an organic movement that major political parties failed to counter. His supporters actively engaged in online discussions, amplifying his message and challenging mainstream political narratives.

Moreover, social media provided him a platform to directly address citizens’ concerns, bypassing the traditional media which often leans towards established parties. His innovative approach helped him build credibility, making him a symbol of change and fresh leadership.

The ‘Balen Effect’: A glimmer of hope in the transformation of Kathmandu Metropolitan City

In Nepal’s capital, a city that has long struggled with unplanned urbanization, waste crises, and bureaucratic inertia, one name has consistently made headlines—Balen Shah.

Since his unexpected yet resounding victory in the Kathmandu Metropolitan City mayoral race, Shah has been at the center of both praise and controversy. Whether for his sharp, unfiltered responses to critics, his bold initiatives, or his uncompromising stance on reform, he remains a figure impossible to ignore.

Shah remains one of Nepal’s most polarizing political figures. His unorthodox approach to governance—often bypassing conventional political negotiations—has won him both ardent supporters and fierce critics. What cannot be denied is his ability to disrupt the status quo. Whether his reforms will stand the test of time remains to be seen, but for now, Kathmandu has a mayor who refuses to be just another figurehead in the bureaucracy. As his tenure progresses, his leadership will be measured not just by the controversies he generates, but by the tangible, lasting changes he leaves behind in Nepal’s capital. His tenure has already left a lasting imprint on Kathmandu’s governance, and while his methods may not always align with traditional political diplomacy, his impact is undeniable.

Waste management: A work in progress

One of Shah’s primary campaign promises was tackling Kathmandu’s longstanding waste management problem. While previous administrations struggled to address the ever-growing garbage crisis, Shah took an aggressive approach. His administration implemented stricter waste collection schedules and enforced more efficient disposal mechanisms. Though Kathmandu’s streets are not yet pristine, the days of towering piles of garbage festering in the city center have become less frequent. The challenge, however, remains daunting, with landfill capacities reaching their limits and sustainable waste solutions still in development.

Reclaiming the sidewalks

In a city where footpaths were often nonexistent—either encroached upon by street vendors or taken over by illegal structures—Shah’s campaign to reclaim pedestrian spaces was both radical and contentious. Thousands of makeshift shops were demolished, leading to strong backlash from those who relied on them for their livelihoods. Critics accused him of disregarding the economic realities of the urban poor. However, the policy has had visible effects: Kathmandu’s sidewalks, once perilous obstacle courses, are now more accessible to pedestrians.

Education reform: An innovative approach

Shah’s administration has championed a range of educational initiatives, including the introduction of “Book-Free Fridays,” where students engage in skill-based learning rather than traditional academic coursework. This initiative is designed to foster creativity, critical thinking, and real-world problem-solving skills. Additionally, he mandated the categorization of private schools into different tiers based on quality, enforcing structured fee regulations. With over 200,000 students enrolled in Kathmandu’s schools, these reforms have had far-reaching implications, though debates over their long-term effectiveness continue.

A transparent administration: The live-streamed meetings

From the outset, Shah demonstrated his commitment to transparency. He initiated the live broadcasting of city meetings—a move that divided public opinion. While some saw it as a gimmick for political branding, others applauded the unprecedented level of accountability. The initiative remains in place, offering citizens an unfiltered view into the workings of their municipal government.

Combating illegal encroachments

Kathmandu has long suffered from the encroachment of public spaces, where private individuals and businesses have claimed land meant for public use. Shah took an aggressive stance against these practices, ordering the demolition of illegal structures, including police stations, government offices, and residential buildings constructed on public land. Some property owners took legal action against the city, but the mayor has remained steadfast in his mission to reclaim public spaces.

Decluttering the skyline: The hoarding board crackdown

Before Shah assumed office, Kathmandu was cluttered with billboards and hoarding boards, often installed without regulation. His administration introduced stricter size and placement guidelines, leading to the removal of hundreds of oversized and unlicensed advertisements. This not only restored the visual appeal of many historic sites but also created a new revenue stream for the metropolis through regulated ad placements.

Order in the streets: Parking and traffic management

As the federal capital, Kathmandu faces chronic traffic congestion, exacerbated by unregulated street parking. Shah’s administration enforced stricter parking laws and encouraged underground parking in private buildings. This policy has led to less congestion in key areas, though disputes with local business owners who relied on street parking remain ongoing.

Cleaning up Kathmandu’s wires

Another longstanding urban issue has been the tangle of unregulated electrical and telecommunication wires dangling dangerously over the streets. Under Shah’s directive, the city has begun a phased process of removing or organizing these wires. Service providers have been compelled to cooperate, improving both safety and the city’s aesthetics.

Fire safety: installing hydrants across the City

Understanding Kathmandu’s vulnerability to fire hazards, especially in densely populated areas, Shah initiated the installation of fire hydrants at key locations. This measure aims to reduce emergency response times and mitigate potential disasters in a city where fire safety infrastructure has historically been neglected.

24-hour gree ambulance service

Shah introduced a free 24-hour ambulance service, allowing residents to call 102 for emergency medical assistance. This initiative has been particularly beneficial for lower-income families who previously struggled with high ambulance fees. The service continues to be in high demand, and its expansion remains a topic of discussion.

Free legal assistance at every ward

Every ward office in Kathmandu now prominently displays banners advertising “Free Legal Services.” Trained legal professionals provide assistance on a variety of issues, from property disputes to domestic violence cases. Over 2,800 individuals accessed these services within the first month alone, demonstrating the acute need for legal aid in the metropolis.

Regulating public transport: Gongabu Bus Park as the central hub

In an effort to bring order to Kathmandu’s chaotic public transport system, Shah enforced a rule requiring all long-distance buses to operate exclusively from Gongabu Bus Park. This initiative sought to eliminate the disorderly practice of passengers boarding vehicles from random street corners, improving both road safety and passenger convenience.

Shutting down illegal health institutions

Health regulations under Shah’s administration have been stringent. Unauthorized hospitals and clinics, including Sahayatri Hospital and the Chinese People’s Hospital, were shut down for failing to comply with legal standards. The mayor has warned that further action will be taken if hospitals do not adhere to mandated service provisions, including the allocation of free beds for underprivileged patients.

Healthcare expansion: Doctors and nurses in every ward

To improve healthcare accessibility, Shah’s administration has appointed MDGP doctors and nurses in all 32 wards of Kathmandu. Ward clinics are now operational throughout the city, and food safety experts have been hired to monitor the quality of consumables in local markets.

The fight against plastic pollution

In a landmark environmental decision, Shah banned plastic bags thinner than 40 microns, a move aimed at reducing pollution. Businesses were directed to adopt biodegradable alternatives such as paper and cloth bags. Though enforcement remains a challenge, the policy has contributed to greater environmental awareness.

Digitizing bureaucracy: The e-governance push

To streamline bureaucratic processes, Shah’s administration introduced an online building permit system, making it easier for residents to submit applications digitally. Digital signatures have also been implemented to enhance efficiency and reduce corruption.

Protecting heritage and culture

Beyond infrastructural reforms, Shah has prioritized Kathmandu’s cultural heritage. Programs supporting the city’s intangible heritage, such as the Living Kumari, Bhairav, and Ganesh traditions, have been expanded. Additionally, agreements with Tribhuvan University have been reached to modernize municipal services and preserve traditional water sources.

Will Balen Shah form a new party or mobilize independent candidates in next election?

Balen Shah’s tenure as mayor is still unfolding, and he has yet to disclose his long-term political ambitions. His team continues to deliberate on his future course, but no final decision has been made. So far, forming a political party remains an open question. As tensions between Balen Shah and Nepal’s traditional political forces escalate, his inner circle is quietly debating a pivotal question: Should they transform their grassroots momentum into a structured political movement? The idea of forming an organized force is gaining traction within his team, yet a definitive course of action remains elusive.

Yet, the speculation is impossible to ignore. Will he? Should he? The pressure is mounting—not just from his supporters but from within his own circle. His growing political stature has drawn inevitable comparisons to Rabi Lamichhane’s Rashtriya Swatantra Party (RSP). If a leadership vacuum emerges in the RSP, Balen may step in. If not, he may remain on the sidelines—for now.

For the moment, his strategy is clear: field independent candidates nationwide in local elections. The results will determine his next move. His immediate focus, however, remains securing another term as Kathmandu’s mayor. A rapper-turned-political force, Balen has become the face of a disillusioned generation—one that sees in him a rare hope against Nepal’s entrenched political establishment.

But political momentum is one thing; governance is another. His leadership will ultimately be judged by results. Can independent candidates like him sustain long-term relevance? Will his grassroots approach translate to national politics? And, most crucially, will he remain accountable to the people who put their faith in him?

Regardless of what path he takes, Balen Shah has already reshaped Nepal’s political discourse. He is more than a leader—he is a movement. Whether he rises further or faces resistance, his impact is undeniable. In a country yearning for reform, he represents both a challenge to the old order and a vision of what Nepal’s political future might become.

Nepal has seen waves of political enthusiasm rise and fall. Whether Balen is the exception—or just another name in a long list of missed opportunities—depends on what he does next.

Balen’s rise was never conventional. Running as an independent, he dismantled the grip of legacy parties in Kathmandu with the now-iconic cane symbol. His appeal cuts across demographics—children, the elderly, and the vast, frustrated youth population.

Unlike traditional politicians, he has built his momentum not through political maneuvering but through tangible work. His brand is not politics; it is development. And that distinction is why established parties are now paying attention.

The growing frustration with Nepal’s political class has already given rise to alternative forces. Yet most have failed, collapsing under weak leadership and ideological ambiguity. Rabi Lamichhane’s RSP briefly captured the public’s imagination but has since struggled to maintain credibility. The party’s internal chaos and leadership missteps have led many to dismiss it as yet another iteration of the old system in new packaging. The same anti-establishment voters who once rallied behind RSP now look elsewhere. Many are looking at Balen.

The discontent among Nepal’s youth is real, and Balen understands their psychology better than most. He is tapping into a demand for governance over politics, for results over rhetoric. In doing so, he has made political parties nervous. His reach is no longer confined to Kathmandu. From the eastern hills of Hangpang to the western plains of Kanchanpur, from Humla to Jumla, Balen’s name resonates. His public appearances, once local events, now draw national-level crowds. At a recent festival in Koteshwor, the venue proved too small for the sheer number of supporters who came to see him.

Balen does not claim to be a politician in the traditional sense. That, perhaps, is his greatest strength. While Nepal’s old guard engages in familiar cycles of alliances, betrayals, and half-hearted reforms, Balen represents something different. His challenge is not popularity but sustainability. Can he transform individual support into a structured political force without losing what makes him unique? Can he succeed where others have failed?

Recent by-elections have reinforced a paradox in Nepal’s political landscape. Despite widespread frustration, the traditional parties—Congress, UML, and Maoists—still secured victories. The absence of a strong independent or alternative force was notable. Political analyst Bheshraj Ghimire argues that while public anger toward establishment parties remains high, new parties lack the credibility to truly replace them. Moreover, the elections suggested that Nepal’s communist voter base remains intact, shaping future political dynamics in unpredictable ways.

This moment presents both an opportunity and a risk for Balen. The demand for an alternative is evident, but history is unforgiving to those who enter the political arena unprepared.

Nepal has seen waves of political enthusiasm rise and fall. Whether Balen is the exception—or just another name in a long list of missed opportunities—depends on what he does next.